Improved Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Premalignant Gastric Mucosa Using White Light Source Gastroscopy

Gastroscopy and biopsy for the rapid urease test and histopathological examination have been still standard diagnosis for H. pylori infection. Many studies have been attempted to classify the gastroscopic findings of H. pylori related gastritis. In 2002, Japanese endoscopist found that collecting venules, seen as numerous minute red dots in the gastric corpus, where a characteristic finding in the normal gastric mucosa morphology without H. pylori infection using both standard and magnifying endoscopy (Yagi et al., 2002). This finding was termed “regular arrangement of collecting venules” (RAC). In 2005, Japanese endoscopists provided more precise information concerning the network of collecting venules (Yagi et al., 2005). The gastroscopic findings of H. pylori infected gastric mucosa were erythema, erosions, antral nodularity, thickened gastric folds, and visible submucosal vessels. However, these findings are not a reliable method of diagnosis because of their low sensitivity and specificity (Laine et al., 1995; Bah et al., 1995; Mihara et al., 1999; Redeen S et al., 2003). In 2010, Taiwanese endoscopist a